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src/main.sh
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570
src/main.sh
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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#===============================================================================
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# Linux 根目录自动扩容脚本
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# 适配: Debian / Ubuntu / CentOS / RHEL / Fedora / AlmaLinux / Rocky 等
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# 功能: 自动识别 LVM / 非 LVM 架构，将磁盘未分配空间全部分配给根目录
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# 用法: sudo bash main.sh
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#===============================================================================
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set -euo pipefail
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#---------------------------------------
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# 全局变量
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#---------------------------------------
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LOG_FILE="/var/log/disk_auto_expand.log"
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ROOT_MOUNT="/"
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LVM_DETECTED=false
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DRY_RUN=false
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#---------------------------------------
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# 日志与输出
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#---------------------------------------
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log() {
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local msg="[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $*"
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echo "$msg" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
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}
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info() { log "[INFO] $*"; }
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warn() { log "[WARN] $*"; }
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error() { log "[ERROR] $*"; }
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die() { error "$@"; exit 1; }
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#---------------------------------------
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# 权限检查
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#---------------------------------------
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check_root() {
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if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
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die "此脚本需要 root 权限运行，请使用 sudo bash $0"
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fi
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}
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#---------------------------------------
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# 参数解析
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#---------------------------------------
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parse_args() {
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while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
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case "$1" in
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--dry-run)
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DRY_RUN=true
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info "当前为模拟运行模式，不会实际执行扩容操作"
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shift
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;;
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-h|--help)
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echo "用法: sudo bash $0 [--dry-run]"
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echo " --dry-run 模拟运行，不实际执行扩容"
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exit 0
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;;
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*)
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die "未知参数: $1，使用 -h 查看帮助"
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;;
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esac
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done
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}
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#---------------------------------------
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# 依赖检查与安装
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#---------------------------------------
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detect_pkg_manager() {
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if command -v apt-get &>/dev/null; then
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PKG_MANAGER="apt"
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elif command -v yum &>/dev/null; then
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PKG_MANAGER="yum"
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elif command -v dnf &>/dev/null; then
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PKG_MANAGER="dnf"
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elif command -v zypper &>/dev/null; then
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PKG_MANAGER="zypper"
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else
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PKG_MANAGER="unknown"
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fi
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}
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install_package() {
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local pkg="$1"
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if [[ $DRY_RUN == true ]]; then
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info "[模拟] 将安装包: $pkg"
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return
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fi
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info "正在安装依赖包: $pkg"
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case "$PKG_MANAGER" in
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apt)
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apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y -qq "$pkg" >/dev/null 2>&1
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;;
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yum)
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yum install -y -q "$pkg" >/dev/null 2>&1
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;;
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dnf)
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dnf install -y -q "$pkg" >/dev/null 2>&1
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;;
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zypper)
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zypper install -y "$pkg" >/dev/null 2>&1
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;;
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*)
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die "无法识别包管理器，请手动安装: $pkg"
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;;
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esac
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}
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ensure_dependencies() {
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detect_pkg_manager
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info "检测到包管理器: $PKG_MANAGER"
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# 检查 growpart（用于非 LVM 分区扩展）
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if ! command -v growpart &>/dev/null; then
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info "growpart 未安装，正在安装 cloud-guest-utils / cloud-utils-growpart..."
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# 不同发行版包名不同，依次尝试
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if [[ "$PKG_MANAGER" == "apt" ]]; then
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install_package "cloud-guest-utils"
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else
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# CentOS/RHEL 系
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if ! install_package "cloud-utils-growpart" 2>/dev/null; then
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install_package "cloud-init" || warn "无法安装 growpart，非 LVM 模式可能不可用"
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fi
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fi
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fi
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# 检查 xfs_growfs（XFS 文件系统需要）
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if ! command -v xfs_growfs &>/dev/null; then
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if [[ "$PKG_MANAGER" == "apt" ]]; then
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install_package "xfsprogs"
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else
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install_package "xfsprogs"
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fi
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fi
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# 检查 lsblk
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if ! command -v lsblk &>/dev/null; then
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install_package "util-linux"
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fi
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}
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#---------------------------------------
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# 获取根分区信息
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#---------------------------------------
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get_root_info() {
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# 获取根目录所在的设备（如 /dev/sda1, /dev/mapper/xxx）
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ROOT_DEVICE=$(findmnt -n -o SOURCE "$ROOT_MOUNT")
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if [[ -z "$ROOT_DEVICE" ]]; then
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die "无法获取根目录所在设备"
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fi
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info "根目录所在设备: $ROOT_DEVICE"
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# 获取文件系统类型
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ROOT_FS=$(findmnt -n -o FSTYPE "$ROOT_MOUNT")
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info "根目录文件系统: $ROOT_FS"
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if [[ "$ROOT_FS" != "ext4" && "$ROOT_FS" != "ext3" && "$ROOT_FS" != "xfs" && "$ROOT_FS" != "btrfs" ]]; then
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warn "文件系统类型 $ROOT_FS 可能不支持在线扩容，脚本将继续尝试"
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fi
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}
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#---------------------------------------
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# 检测 LVM
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#---------------------------------------
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detect_lvm() {
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# 判断根设备是否为 LVM 逻辑卷
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if [[ "$ROOT_DEVICE" == /dev/mapper/* ]] || [[ "$ROOT_DEVICE" == /dev/dm-* ]]; then
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# 进一步确认是 LVM 而非其他映射设备
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if lvs "$ROOT_DEVICE" &>/dev/null; then
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LVM_DETECTED=true
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info "检测到 LVM 架构"
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fi
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fi
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# 二次检测：通过 lsblk 查看 TYPE
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if [[ "$LVM_DETECTED" == false ]]; then
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local root_type
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root_type=$(lsblk -no TYPE "$ROOT_DEVICE" 2>/dev/null | head -1)
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if [[ "$root_type" == "lvm" ]]; then
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LVM_DETECTED=true
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info "检测到 LVM 架构（通过 lsblk）"
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fi
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fi
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if [[ "$LVM_DETECTED" == false ]]; then
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info "未检测到 LVM，将使用标准分区扩容方式"
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fi
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}
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#---------------------------------------
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# 获取磁盘和分区信息
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#---------------------------------------
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get_disk_for_partition() {
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local part="$1"
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# 通过 lsblk 获取父级磁盘设备
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local disk
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disk=$(lsblk -no PKNAME "$part" 2>/dev/null | head -1)
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if [[ -z "$disk" ]]; then
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die "无法获取 $part 的父级磁盘设备"
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fi
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echo "/dev/$disk"
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}
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#---------------------------------------
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# 获取分区号
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#---------------------------------------
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get_partition_number() {
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local part="$1"
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# 从设备名提取分区号，如 /dev/sda1 -> 1, /dev/vda2 -> 2
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local num
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num=$(echo "$part" | grep -oP '\d+$')
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if [[ -z "$num" ]]; then
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# 尝试 p 分隔格式，如 /dev/mmcblk0p1 -> 1
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num=$(echo "$part" | grep -oP 'p\K\d+$')
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fi
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if [[ -z "$num" ]]; then
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die "无法从 $part 提取分区号"
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fi
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echo "$num"
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}
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#---------------------------------------
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# 打印当前磁盘使用情况
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#---------------------------------------
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print_disk_status() {
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info "========== 当前磁盘状态 =========="
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echo ""
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info "--- 磁盘分区表 ---"
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lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE,FSTYPE,MOUNTPOINT 2>/dev/null | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
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echo ""
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info "--- 根目录文件系统 ---"
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df -hT "$ROOT_MOUNT" 2>/dev/null | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
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echo ""
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if [[ "$LVM_DETECTED" == true ]]; then
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info "--- LVM 信息 ---"
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info "物理卷 (PV):"
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pvs 2>/dev/null | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
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info "卷组 (VG):"
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vgs 2>/dev/null | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
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info "逻辑卷 (LV):"
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lvs 2>/dev/null | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
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echo ""
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fi
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info "===================================="
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}
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#---------------------------------------
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# 检查是否有可扩容的空间
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#---------------------------------------
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check_expandable_space() {
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if [[ "$LVM_DETECTED" == true ]]; then
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check_lvm_space
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else
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check_partition_space
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fi
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}
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#---------------------------------------
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# LVM 模式：检查 VG 剩余空间
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#---------------------------------------
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check_lvm_space() {
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# 获取根设备所在的 VG
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ROOT_VG=$(lvs -no vg_name "$ROOT_DEVICE" 2>/dev/null | xargs)
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if [[ -z "$ROOT_VG" ]]; then
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die "无法获取根逻辑卷所在的卷组"
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fi
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info "根目录所在卷组 (VG): $ROOT_VG"
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# 获取 VG 的可用空间（单位：字节）
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VG_FREE_BYTES=$(vgs -no vg_free "$ROOT_VG" --units b 2>/dev/null | xargs)
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# 转换为人类可读格式
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VG_FREE_HUMAN=$(vgs -no vg_free "$ROOT_VG" --units g 2>/dev/null | xargs)
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info "卷组 $ROOT_VG 可用空间: ${VG_FREE_HUMAN}G"
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# 检查 VG 是否有剩余空间
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VG_FREE_NUM=$(vgs -no vg_free "$ROOT_VG" --units m 2>/dev/null | xargs | grep -oP '^\d+')
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if [[ -z "$VG_FREE_NUM" ]] || [[ "$VG_FREE_NUM" -lt 100 ]]; then
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# VG 没有空间，检查是否是因为 PV 没有占满磁盘
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info "卷组可用空间不足，将检查是否需要扩展物理卷 (PV)..."
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expand_pv_if_needed
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# 重新获取可用空间
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VG_FREE_NUM=$(vgs -no vg_free "$ROOT_VG" --units m 2>/dev/null | xargs | grep -oP '^\d+')
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VG_FREE_HUMAN=$(vgs -no vg_free "$ROOT_VG" --units g 2>/dev/null | xargs)
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if [[ -z "$VG_FREE_NUM" ]] || [[ "$VG_FREE_NUM" -lt 100 ]]; then
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die "卷组 $ROOT_VG 没有足够的可用空间进行扩容（需要至少 100MB）"
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fi
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fi
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info "可用于扩容的空间: ${VG_FREE_HUMAN}G"
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}
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#---------------------------------------
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# 扩展 PV 使其占满磁盘
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#---------------------------------------
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expand_pv_if_needed() {
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# 获取 VG 对应的 PV
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local pv_dev
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pv_dev=$(pvs -no pv_name "$ROOT_VG" 2>/dev/null | xargs)
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if [[ -z "$pv_dev" ]]; then
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die "无法获取卷组 $ROOT_VG 的物理卷"
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fi
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info "当前物理卷 (PV): $pv_dev"
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# 判断 PV 是直接磁盘还是分区
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local pv_is_partition=false
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local parent_disk
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# 如果 PV 是分区（如 /dev/sda2），需要扩展分区
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if [[ "$pv_dev" =~ [0-9]+$ ]] || [[ "$pv_dev" =~ p[0-9]+$ ]]; then
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pv_is_partition=true
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parent_disk=$(get_disk_for_partition "$pv_dev")
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info "PV 是分区 $pv_dev，父级磁盘: $parent_disk"
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else
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parent_disk="$pv_dev"
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info "PV 直接使用整块磁盘: $pv_dev"
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fi
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# 检查磁盘是否有未分配空间
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local disk_size sector_size total_sectors part_end_sector
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disk_size=$(blockdev --getsize64 "$parent_disk" 2>/dev/null)
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sector_size=$(blockdev --getss "$parent_disk" 2>/dev/null)
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total_sectors=$((disk_size / sector_size))
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if [[ "$pv_is_partition" == true ]]; then
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local part_num
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part_num=$(get_partition_number "$pv_dev")
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# 获取分区结束扇区
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part_end_sector=$(parted -s "$parent_disk" unit s print 2>/dev/null | \
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awk -v num="$part_num" '$1 == num { gsub(/s/,"",$3); print $3 }')
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if [[ -z "$part_end_sector" ]]; then
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warn "无法获取分区结束扇区，尝试直接使用 pvresize..."
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if [[ "$DRY_RUN" == false ]]; then
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pvresize "$pv_dev" 2>/dev/null || true
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fi
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return
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fi
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# 检查分区后面是否有空间（至少 2048 扇区 = 1MB）
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local remaining_sectors=$((total_sectors - part_end_sector - 1))
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info "磁盘总扇区: $total_sectors, 分区结束扇区: $part_end_sector, 剩余扇区: $remaining_sectors"
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if [[ $remaining_sectors -gt 2048 ]]; then
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info "检测到磁盘有未分配空间，正在扩展分区 $pv_dev..."
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if [[ "$DRY_RUN" == false ]]; then
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# 使用 growpart 扩展分区
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local disk_base part_no
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disk_base=$(basename "$parent_disk")
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part_no="$part_num"
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growpart "$parent_disk" "$part_no" || warn "growpart 执行失败，可能分区已是最大"
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# 扩展 PV
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pvresize "$pv_dev" || warn "pvresize 执行失败"
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else
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info "[模拟] 将扩展分区 $pv_dev 并执行 pvresize"
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fi
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else
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info "分区已占满磁盘，无需扩展分区"
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fi
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else
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# PV 直接使用整块磁盘，直接 pvresize
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info "PV 使用整块磁盘，执行 pvresize..."
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if [[ "$DRY_RUN" == false ]]; then
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pvresize "$pv_dev" || warn "pvresize 执行失败"
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||||
fi
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fi
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}
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||||
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||||
#---------------------------------------
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# 非 LVM 模式：检查分区后是否有空间
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#---------------------------------------
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check_partition_space() {
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ROOT_DISK=$(get_disk_for_partition "$ROOT_DEVICE")
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info "根目录所在磁盘: $ROOT_DISK"
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local part_num
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part_num=$(get_partition_number "$ROOT_DEVICE")
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info "根分区: $ROOT_DEVICE (分区号: $part_num)"
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# 获取磁盘和分区的扇区信息
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local disk_size sector_size total_sectors
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disk_size=$(blockdev --getsize64 "$ROOT_DISK" 2>/dev/null)
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sector_size=$(blockdev --getss "$ROOT_DISK" 2>/dev/null)
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total_sectors=$((disk_size / sector_size))
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# 获取分区结束扇区
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local part_end_sector
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part_end_sector=$(parted -s "$ROOT_DISK" unit s print 2>/dev/null | \
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awk -v num="$part_num" '$1 == num { gsub(/s/,"",$3); print $3 }')
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||||
if [[ -z "$part_end_sector" ]]; then
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die "无法获取分区 $ROOT_DEVICE 的结束扇区"
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fi
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||||
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||||
local remaining_sectors=$((total_sectors - part_end_sector - 1))
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local remaining_mb=$((remaining_sectors * sector_size / 1024 / 1024))
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info "磁盘总大小: $((disk_size / 1024 / 1024 / 1024))GB"
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info "分区后剩余扇区: $remaining_sectors (约 ${remaining_mb}MB)"
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||||
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||||
if [[ $remaining_sectors -le 2048 ]]; then
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die "磁盘没有足够的未分配空间进行扩容"
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||||
fi
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||||
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||||
info "检测到约 ${remaining_mb}MB 未分配空间，可以进行扩容"
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||||
}
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||||
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||||
#---------------------------------------
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||||
# 执行扩容
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||||
#---------------------------------------
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||||
do_expand() {
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||||
if [[ "$LVM_DETECTED" == true ]]; then
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||||
do_expand_lvm
|
||||
else
|
||||
do_expand_partition
|
||||
fi
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#---------------------------------------
|
||||
# LVM 模式扩容
|
||||
#---------------------------------------
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||||
do_expand_lvm() {
|
||||
info "========== 开始 LVM 模式扩容 =========="
|
||||
|
||||
# 获取 LV 路径
|
||||
local lv_path="$ROOT_DEVICE"
|
||||
info "目标逻辑卷: $lv_path"
|
||||
|
||||
if [[ "$DRY_RUN" == false ]]; then
|
||||
# 扩展 LV 使用 VG 中所有剩余空间
|
||||
info "正在扩展逻辑卷 $lv_path 使用全部可用空间..."
|
||||
lvextend -l +100%FREE "$lv_path" 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
|
||||
|
||||
# 扩展文件系统
|
||||
resize_filesystem "$ROOT_DEVICE" "$ROOT_FS"
|
||||
|
||||
info "LVM 模式扩容完成！"
|
||||
else
|
||||
info "[模拟] 将执行: lvextend -l +100%FREE $lv_path"
|
||||
info "[模拟] 将执行文件系统扩容: $ROOT_FS on $ROOT_DEVICE"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#---------------------------------------
|
||||
# 非 LVM 模式扩容
|
||||
#---------------------------------------
|
||||
do_expand_partition() {
|
||||
info "========== 开始标准分区模式扩容 =========="
|
||||
|
||||
local part_num
|
||||
part_num=$(get_partition_number "$ROOT_DEVICE")
|
||||
|
||||
if [[ "$DRY_RUN" == false ]]; then
|
||||
# 第一步：扩展分区
|
||||
info "正在扩展分区 $ROOT_DEVICE..."
|
||||
growpart "$ROOT_DISK" "$part_num" 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
|
||||
|
||||
# 第二步：扩展文件系统
|
||||
resize_filesystem "$ROOT_DEVICE" "$ROOT_FS"
|
||||
|
||||
info "标准分区模式扩容完成！"
|
||||
else
|
||||
info "[模拟] 将执行: growpart $ROOT_DISK $part_num"
|
||||
info "[模拟] 将执行文件系统扩容: $ROOT_FS on $ROOT_DEVICE"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#---------------------------------------
|
||||
# 扩展文件系统
|
||||
#---------------------------------------
|
||||
resize_filesystem() {
|
||||
local device="$1"
|
||||
local fs_type="$2"
|
||||
|
||||
info "正在扩展文件系统 (类型: $fs_type, 设备: $device)..."
|
||||
|
||||
case "$fs_type" in
|
||||
ext2|ext3|ext4)
|
||||
if [[ "$DRY_RUN" == false ]]; then
|
||||
resize2fs "$device" 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
|
||||
else
|
||||
info "[模拟] 将执行: resize2fs $device"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
;;
|
||||
xfs)
|
||||
if [[ "$DRY_RUN" == false ]]; then
|
||||
xfs_growfs "$ROOT_MOUNT" 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
|
||||
else
|
||||
info "[模拟] 将执行: xfs_growfs $ROOT_MOUNT"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
;;
|
||||
btrfs)
|
||||
if [[ "$DRY_RUN" == false ]]; then
|
||||
btrfs filesystem resize max "$ROOT_MOUNT" 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
|
||||
else
|
||||
info "[模拟] 将执行: btrfs filesystem resize max $ROOT_MOUNT"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
;;
|
||||
*)
|
||||
warn "不支持的文件系统类型: $fs_type，请手动扩展"
|
||||
return 1
|
||||
;;
|
||||
esac
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#---------------------------------------
|
||||
# 验证扩容结果
|
||||
#---------------------------------------
|
||||
verify_result() {
|
||||
info "========== 扩容后磁盘状态 =========="
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
info "--- 根目录使用情况 ---"
|
||||
df -hT "$ROOT_MOUNT" 2>/dev/null | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
info "--- 磁盘分区表 ---"
|
||||
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE,FSTYPE,MOUNTPOINT 2>/dev/null | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
if [[ "$LVM_DETECTED" == true ]]; then
|
||||
info "--- LVM 信息 ---"
|
||||
pvs 2>/dev/null | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
|
||||
vgs 2>/dev/null | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
|
||||
lvs 2>/dev/null | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
fi
|
||||
info "===================================="
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#---------------------------------------
|
||||
# 主函数
|
||||
#---------------------------------------
|
||||
main() {
|
||||
parse_args "$@"
|
||||
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
echo "========================================================"
|
||||
echo " Linux 根目录自动扩容脚本"
|
||||
echo " 适配 Debian / Ubuntu / CentOS 等"
|
||||
echo "========================================================"
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
|
||||
# 1. 权限检查
|
||||
check_root
|
||||
|
||||
# 2. 安装依赖
|
||||
info "检查并安装必要依赖..."
|
||||
ensure_dependencies
|
||||
|
||||
# 3. 获取根分区信息
|
||||
info "获取根分区信息..."
|
||||
get_root_info
|
||||
|
||||
# 4. 检测 LVM
|
||||
detect_lvm
|
||||
|
||||
# 5. 打印当前状态
|
||||
print_disk_status
|
||||
|
||||
# 6. 检查可扩容空间
|
||||
info "检查可扩容空间..."
|
||||
check_expandable_space
|
||||
|
||||
# 7. 执行扩容
|
||||
do_expand
|
||||
|
||||
# 8. 验证结果
|
||||
verify_result
|
||||
|
||||
info "根目录自动扩容完成！"
|
||||
info "日志文件: $LOG_FILE"
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
main "$@"
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user